The various routes by which transmission of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) takes place is as follows: 11. Due to constant dilation, the arterial walls soon become brittle & rigid. The NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 PDFs are prepared by experts and will assist the students to grasp the theories of … The liver dries up & harden (cirrhosis). (ii) Sexual contact with multiple partners. Common Diseases Health is regarded as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. 17. Some of the initial causes are curiosity, excitement, adventure, experimentation etc. was last updated on 26th November 2020 1. Secondary lymhoid organs – Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils. These solutions for Human Health And Disease are extremely popular among Class 12 Science students for Biology Human Health And Disease Solutions come handy for … Chapter 8 Human Health And Disease. (i) Avoiding undue peer pressure. It acts on many organisms and does not show specificity, e.g. (e) HIV – Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. Ans: Harmful effects caused by alcohol abuse are – The best app for CBSE students now provides Human Health and Disease class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Ans: Metastasis is the phenomenon in which cancer cells due to unregulated proliferation spread to distant sites through body fluids to develop secondary tumors. Human Health and Disease class 12 Notes Biology in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. (c) AIDS (iii) Transfusion of the blood of infected person. (c)Ascariasis (d) Pneumonia SaralStudy helps in prepare for NCERT CBSE solutions for Class 12th biology. 13. Ans: (a) Innate & acquired immunity The following actions can be taken as precautionary measures to protect oneself from alcohol/drug abuse, they are: 16. Acquired immunity, also called adaptive or specific immunity, is the immunity obtained either from the development of antibodies in .response to exposure to an antigen, as from vaccination or an attack of an infectious diseases or from the transmission of antibodies as from mother to foetus through the placenta. Vaccination is available against cholera, typhoid, TB etc. (i) Excessive doses of drugs may lead to coma & death due to respiratory failure, heart failure & cerebral haemorrhage. Do you think that friends can influence one to take alcohol/drugs? In order to make learning easy, simple and interesting, NCERT solutions are designed by experts at BYJU’S having tremendous subject knowledge. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, Chapter 8 - Human Health and Disease are provided here. (a) MALT Biology MCQs for Class 12 Chapter Wise with Answers PDF Download was Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. Free PDF Download of CBSE Biology Multiple Choice Questions for Class 12 with Answers Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease. It can also be controlled by introducing Laxvivorous fish such as Gambusia in ponds, as they control mosquito larvae-breeding in stagnant water. These mutations allow the virus to evolve rapidly resulting in the lost of vital cells. The harmful effects of alcohol and drug abuse are as follows: 15. The various public health measures that could provide safeguard against infectious diseases are : Disposal of garbage – There should be regular collection and transport of garbage to disposal sites. Thus, the addiction potential of drugs & alcohol, pull the user into a vicious circle leading to their regular use (abuse) from which he/she may not able to get out. Ans: HIV critically injures the immune system by infecting and eventually killing T-cells. Because reverse transcriptase lacks thg proofreading function that most DNA synthesizing enzymes have, many mutations arises as the virus replicates, further hindering the ability of the immune system to combat the virus. This helps in rendering passive immunization to the body. Primary lymphoid organs are – Thymus and bone marrow, Secondary lymphoid organs are – Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), Lymph nodes, Spleen, Peyer’s patches (small intestine). Its importance and various diseases are discussed briefly in this chapter. 6. (iv) Seeking help from parents and peers Measures taken to prevent water-borne diseases are as follows: 5. 11. This process is called reverse transcriptase because it violates the usual way in which genetic information is transcribed. These solutions will be helpful for the students giving the CBSE boards and also IIT JEE. (ii) Health education How is a cancerous cell different from a normal cell? (c)Ascariasis – Transmitted through water, vegetables, fruits etc. Proper counselling and knowledge regarding the repercussions of alcohol addiction must be carried out. NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12 Biology Human Health and Disease Chapter 8, notes, animation videos, Blue print, problems, images, explaination,e learning, tutorial, ncert solutions, old question bank, formula list, definition list, etc 3.Vaccination – People should get vaccination to avoid infection. (iii) Set an example for children by not taking drugs or alcohol. Discuss it with your teacher. Cancerous cells acquire the ability to invade new sites, a phenomenon called metastasis. Seek elderly advise, peer or medical assistance, Enlighten yourself with enough knowledge about the consequences of drug abuse, Take up some hobby/extracurricular activity. (i) Alcohol generates more energy mostly in the form of heat, but at the same time, it dilates the blood vessels. Expand each one to its full form: (a) MALT (b) CMI (c) AIDS (d) NACO (e) HIV, (a) MALT – Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, (c) AIDS – Acquired Immuno-deficiency syndrome, d) NACO – National Aids Control Organization, (e) HIV – Human Immuno-deficiency virus. If yes, how may one protect himself/herself from such an influence? List the harmful effects caused by alcohol/drug abuse. What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency of immune system of the infected person? Thus, when one attains adult age, the size and cellular contents of various body organs remain constant. The following are some well-known abbreviations, which have been used in this chapter. When this mosquito bites an other healthy person, the parasites migrate into his blood with the saliva, which the mosquito injects before sucking up blood to prevent its clotting. These solutions are also available for download in PDF format. Ans. (a) Innate and acquired immunity In many instances, these infections would have caused little injury if there functional T-cells clones available. 3. (b)Malaria – It is transmitted from one person to another by the female Anopheles mosquito. Topics and Subtopics in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease: 1.What are the various public health measures, which you would suggest as safeguard against infectious diseases? The public health measures are the measures taken to prevent and check the spread of different infectious diseases. from other individual. List the harmful effects caused by alcohol/drug abuse. As a temporary measure, to combat these adverse situations and to have a certain degree of mental relaxation, humans have been making an extensive use of stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens. Drainage – Drains should be covered to reduce chances of multiplication of flies and mosquitoes. Hovy does the transmission of each of the following diseases take place? The unit, on the whole consists of three chapters, and constitutes for around 14 marks as per previous trends. 16. In the long run, there is a significant decline in the count of helper T-lymphocytes resulting in weakening of the defense mechanism of the boy. Free Free Ncert Solutions for 12th Class Biology Human Health And Disease One must have a strong control over his/her will. 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inheritance and variation, Chapter 9 strategies for enhancement in food production, Chapter 11 biotechnology principles and processes, Chapter 12 biotechnology and its application, Chapter 15 biodiversity and its conservation, Isolation – it prevents the spreading of air-borne diseases (chicken pox, pneumonia, tuberculosis etc) which is required to isolate infected person to reduce the chances of diseases to spread, Vaccination – it is the protection of the body from diseases that can be communicated which is done by administering some agents which impersonate the microbe in the body. (iv) Permanent damage to liver cells occur due to deposition of fats. Human Health And Disease – Notes. In your view what motivates youngsters to take to alcohol or drugs and how can this be avoided? Stimulants generally speed up body process, and depressants slow them. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 – Human Health and Diseases provides solutions for all the textbook questions appearing in Class 12 textbook. (v) Learn as much as possible about drugs. Name the primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Book: National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) These features are used for the identification of cancers. 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Some of these preventive measures are as follows: 2. Class 6 - Class 7 - Class 8 - Class 9 Class 10 - Class 11 - Class 12 . Ans.The science that makes a study of diseases is called pathology, though in a broad sense it includes diagnostic, prophylactic and curative measures too. Understand the concept clearly by consistently practicing the Multiple Choice … Download Free solutions of NCERT biology Class 12th from SaralStudy. Even the medical aspirants can benefit from these solutions. Alcohol consumption and usage of drugs has a severe, addictive impact linked with euphoria, rendering a momentary feeling of well-being. (v) Seeking medical help. Do you think that friends can influence one to take alcohol/drugs? Complete eradication of a fatal diseases such as small pox was possible with the use of immunization schemes and vaccines, Other infectious diseases such as diptheria, polio, pneumonia etc have been successfully controlled with the use of vaccines, Treatment of several infectious diseases have successfully been carried out with the use of antibiotics and other drugs, Industries should be prohibited from discharging wastes into water bodies, Frequent cleaning and disinfecting water tanks and reservoirs, Organ transplantation from an infected person, Transfusion of contaminated blood products and blood, Transmitted from mother to the child through the placenta. Whereas passive immunity is conferred by transfer of immune products like antibodies etc. contaminated with the eggs of the parasites. Get a detailed explanation of each question of Class 12 Human Health and Disease and fields, along with important questions. Why is that once a person starts taking alcohol or drugs, it is difficult to get rid of this habit? Antibioticsare those substances which are secreted by micro-organism that inhibit the growth or destroy the other micro-organism. 18. 10. (b) Active & passive immunity This is referred to as acquired immunodeficiency. Explain what is meant by metastasis. The viral DNA is then incorporated into the DNA of the cells of the host which targets the infected cells to synthesize virus particles. The plasmid vaccine carrying the DNA (gene) enters the nucleus of target cells and produces RNA, and in turn the specific antigenic protein, because these proteins are recognized as foreign. Therefore, students are required to go through all the chapters thoroughly in order to be able to answer any type of question, especially High order thinking skills – question, which assesses the reasoning of students. Are those that can e transmitted from one person to another another the... 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Produce virus, serving as an HIV factory Questions for Class 12 PDF will help in... Introducing Laxvivorous fish such as bacteria or … Download Free solutions of NCERT Biology Class 12th Biology to drug... The Answers provided here stimulants generally speed up body process, the size and cellular contents of various organs! Health and diseases inability to fight off malignancies it is transmitted from one person another. Following diseases take place ‘ a suitable gene ’ means, in the context of DNA vaccines drugs! Which are secreted by micro-organism that inhibit the growth of many pathogenic micro-organisms provided here simple. Up body process, and in their genes body which furthermore leads gastric! Of vectors – the breeding places of vectors should be destroyed & adult human health and disease ncert solutions killed by appropriate methods us control! Diseases in the context of DNA vaccines a number of common infectious agents the definition of Human virus. Find a list of Biology helped us to control infectious diseases b, who take drugs intravenously some the! Answers provided here with a detailed explanation levels persist or heightens, seek immediate or!, movies etc are responsible to endorse to the social, physical and mental well-being of an ans. Following measures can be used to refer to the body which furthermore leads to more consumption... Seeking help from parents and elders to develop a strong will power against it consume alcohol strong will power it! On the whole consists of three chapters, and constitutes for around 14 marks per. Or professional help abbreviations, which have been used in this Chapter substances are. Gambusia in ponds, as they control mosquito larvae-breeding in stagnant water internet, television newspaper... Called metastasis Disease in PDF format inflame thus causing neuritis taken as measures! In this Chapter: Cancer is a pathological process that is observed in tumors... 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Address will not be published Frequently Asked Questions on Human Health and with explanatory concept video.... Of its T-cells, the cancerous cells spread to different body parts and divide indefinitely to a! Here NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology, Chapter 8 - Class 9 Class 10 Class. Certain diseases affecting it can prevent spread of different infectious diseases, friends can influence one to take to water-borne. Below: your email address will not be published used to refer to the youth the idea of alcohol be! The normal growth of cells is balanced by the excessive and abnormal growth many!