[12] Although exact figures are difficult to calculate, given the illegal nature of the activity, decent estimates show that more than half of the logging that takes place globally is illegal, especially in open and vulnerable areas such as the Amazon Basin,[13] Central Africa, Southeast Asia, the Russian Federation.[14]. Take action to prioritize science-based election reforms. It is recognised as a world biosphere reserve by the United Nations and forms the largest protected area of swamp forest in South-East Asia. These laws derive from both federal and state sources. Illegal logging is the harvesting, processing, transporting, buying or selling of timber in contravention of national and international laws. Between 50% and 90% of logging from the key countries in these regions is being carried out by organised criminal entities. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. A preparatory conference was held in Moscow in June 2005. Therefore, a legal basis for normative acts against timber imports or othe… Section 3. Illegal logging is a pervasive problem, causing enormous damage to forests, local communities, and the economies of producer countries. The identification of illegally logged or traded timber is technically difficult. Climate change is fueling wildfires. The conference took place as the United Kingdom prepared to pass the G8 Presidency to Russia. The AFLEG conference, the second regional forest law enforcement and governance meeting after East Asia, resulted in endorsement of a ministerial declaration and action plan as well as a variety of informal implementation initiatives. This unfair competition affects those European companies, especially the small and medium-sized companies that are behaving responsibly and ready to play by fair rules. Illegal logging in the Amazon While laws exist which authorize logging in designated areas, illegal logging is widespread in Brazil and several Amazon countries. [24], Due to the size and scope of Burma's forests, it is difficult for government organisations like Forest Department to regulate logging. In 2014, the FAU-EU-FLEGT Programme[50] of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published the study The Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) process in Central and West Africa: from theory to practice[51] to document and foster strategic reflection in partner countries already engaged in negotiating a VPA - or those who will be entering into such negotiations - by providing examples of good practices. Democracy and science can be powerful partners for the public good—and both are under attack. On the other hand, environmental NGOs publish alarming figures to raise awareness and to emphasise the need for stricter conservation measures. The Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (ENA FLEG) Ministerial Conference was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia on 22–25 November 2005. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Illegal Logging: Law Enforcement, Livelihoods and the Timber Trade. A study by a Brazilian commission showed that 80% of all logging in the Amazon was illegal during the late 90s 2. These good practices were identified and recorded following interviews with the main stakeholders in the eight VPA countries in West and Central Africa, the European Forest Institute's (EFI) EU FLEGT Facility[52] and the European Commission. A preparatory conference was held in Moscow in June 2005. Executive Order No.26 Declaring an Interdepartmental Convergence Initiative for a National Greening Program However, for many countries, NGOs are the only source of information apart from state institutions, which probably clearly underestimate the true figures. The energy choices we make today could make or break our ability to fight climate change. It prohibits the placing on the EU market for the first time of illegally harvested timber and products derived from such timber; It requires EU traders who place timber products on the EU market for the first time to exercise 'due diligence'; Once on the market, the timber and timber products may be sold on and/or transformed before they reach the final consumer. [18] Most of the methods adopted for deforestation in Indonesia are illegal for a multitude of reasons. The much heralded decline of illegal logging in the mid- 2000s in some tropical regions was widely attributed to a short-term law enforcement effort. - As used in this Act, the term: In May 2004, the Russian Federation announced its intention to host the ENA FLEG process, supported by the World Bank. It involves cutting trees without permits or removing trees from protected areas, and other activities such as avoiding taxes and laundering illegal logs. Illegal logging is a global problem with significant negative economic, environmental and social impact. The EU, as a major timber importer, has implemented the European Union Timber Regulation as means to halt the import of illegally sourced wood products. In 2016, the FAO-EU FLEGT Programme published an additional study, Traceability: a management tool for business and governments, providing examples of good practices in the region's traceability systems, which help prevent illegal logging by tracking timber from its forest of origin throughout its journey along the supply chain. Help ensure that businesses know where their wood is coming from. Illegal logging has serious economic and social implications for the poor and disadvantaged with millions of dollars worth of timber revenue being lost each year.[17]. The East Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (EA FLEG) Ministerial Conference took place in Bali in September 2001. Terms and conditions. Over the last few years, guitars and a sort of obscure law against illegal logging have come into conflict. These agro-industrial companies often do not comply with the basic legal regulations by inappropriately employing cost effective yet environmentally inefficient deforestation methods such as forest fires to clear the land for agricultural purposes. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, this forest cover was at around 70% 1. Help protect workers from dangerous heat. Corruption amongst local Indonesian officials fuels cynicism with regard to the governmental clampdown on illegal logging activities. Over 25% of the country is covered by forest, and over 90% of this forest is owned by the government. The corruption associated with illegal logging weakens the rule of law and fuels the cycle of transnational crime. A subcategory of environmental law, Forestry Law relates to all statutes and regulations that deal with the preservation of forests and parks, reforestation activities to ensure the sustainability of the nation's lands, and the prevention of illegal logging activities. Governments tend to underestimate the situation, given that high estimates of illegal logging may cause embarrassment as these suggest ineffective enforcement of legislation or, even worse, bribery and corruption. Illegal logging, the harvesting of timber in contravention of national laws, is a major problem in the management of the country's protected areas (Mallari et al. The scale of illegal logging represents a major loss of revenue to many countries and can lead to widespread associated environmental damage. In environmental terms illegal logging is associated with deforestation, climate change and a loss of biodiversity. [54], The Timber Development Association (TDA) welcomes on June 6, 2014's release by the Australian Department of Agriculture of a position paper on the Illegal Logging Prohibition Regulation and guidance on how timber and wood products industry can comply on the Australian Government - Department of Agriculture[55] official website. [28] Illegal commercial timber interests take advantage of weak law enforcement to benefit from illegal cutting. Illegal logging is a pervasive problem, causing enormous damage to forests, local communities and to the economies of producer countries. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. [21] This contributing social factor to deforestation reinforces the challenges faced by forestry sustainability in developing countries such as Indonesia. This could include harvesting timber from protected areas, felling protected species, or exceeding logging quotas. About Illegal Logging Although the international community has yet to agree upon the definition of "illegal logging," it is commonly understood as the harvest, transport, purchase or sale of timber or wood products in violation of national laws. Major consumer-side laws related to illegal logging and associated trade include the plant provisions of the U.S. Lacey Act, the EU Timber Regulation, and the Australian Illegal Logging Prohibition Act. Illegal logging and the associated trade of illegally sourced wood products is a clandestine industry that threatens forests and economies alike. King Bhumibol Adulyadej has blamed the destruction of Thailand's forested areas on the greed of some state officials. Powers of State Forestry Commission employees as to enforcement of laws, prevention and suppression of forest fires, etc. (617) 547-5552. Chatham House is monitoring forest governance and legality in 19 countries to assess the effectiveness of government and private sector efforts to tackle illegal logging and trade. Almost a century after the Dust Bowl, the unsolved problem of soil erosion clouds the future of US agriculture. Climate change is one of the most devastating problems humanity has ever faced—and the clock is running out. In economic terms illegal logging results in lost revenues and other foregone benefits. Definition of Terms. © Union of Concerned Scientists By continuing, you accept our use of cookies. This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 18:33. What is illegal logging? WHEREAS, Martial Law has been declared throughout the Philippines pursuant to Proclamation No. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA [11], It is estimated that illegal logging on public land alone causes losses in assets and revenue in excess of US$10 billion annually. [57], Harvest, transportation, purchase, or sale of timber in violation of laws, For further details on illegal logging, see: Duncan Brack and Gavin Hayman (2001) Intergovernmental Actions on Illegal Logging. Under Australian law, illegal logging means ‘the harvesting of timber in contravention of the laws of the country where the timber is harvested’. We use cookies to improve your experience. Korindo is known to be using illegal timber from the last rainforests of Indonesia. Worth an estimated $51–$152 billion annually, the illegal timber industry simultaneously threatens the world’s forests and steals from local communities that rely on forests for food, health, and wealth. The Act commenced on 28 November 2012 and establishes Australia’s illegal logging framework. Clean energy investments can help. The Saint Petersburg conference brought together nearly 300 participants representing 43 governments, the private sector, civil society and international organisations. [54], This Plant and Plant Product Declaration must contain (besides other information) the Genus, Species, and Country of Harvest of every plant found in commercial shipments of certain products, a list of applicable products (along with other requirements and guidance) can be found on the USDA APHIS website. While illegal logging occurs in many parts of the world, much of it is concentrated in the tropics, where prized hardwoods are taken to make items like furniture, cabinets, and other architectural woodwork. The meeting included detailed technical discussions of forest law enforcement in relation to governance, forest policy and forest management as well as ministerial engagement. They must instead be arranged in bilateral agreements. Urge the Senate to require employers follow science-based protections for workers and their communities. The meeting drew together ministers and stakeholders from Africa, Europe and North America to consider how partnerships between producers, consumers, donors, civil society and the private sector could address illegal forest exploitation and associated trade in Africa. In May 2003, the European Commission presented the EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Action Plan (EU FLEGT). In May 2003, an Indonesian Government investigation confirmed that Korindo was receiving illegal timber from notorious timber barons known to obtain timber from an orang-utan refuge – the Tanjung Puting National Park. [22], The Indonesian government grapples with the management of deforestation with sustainable urban development as rural-urban migration necessitates the expansion of cities. [26] Due to the remoteness of these regions and the international demand for hardwoods, illegal logging is a threat that is hard to address and will probably continue contributing to deforestation. Here's how. Text STOP to opt out. The US food system should be providing healthy, sustainable food for everyone. The Regulation starts on 30 November 2014 and requires that before import of these products or processing of raw logs, due diligence is undertaken to minimise the risk that the timber products or raw logs were illegally logged or incorporate illegally logged timber. In the forestry sector, cheap imports of illegal timber and forest products, together with the non-compliance of some economic players with basic social and environmental standards, destabilise international markets. In response to growing concerns over illegal logging and advice from TRAFFIC[10] and other organisations,[11] on May 22, 2008 the U.S. amended the Lacey Act, when the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 expanded its protection to a broader range of plants and plant products (Section 8204. Of the 13 companies that were investigated, 12 had broken the law. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. The Conference's primary aims were to share analysis on forest law enforcement; explore priority issues of forest law enforcement, including illegal logging in the East Asia region, among senior officials from forest and related ministries, NGOs and industry representatives; and commit to action at the national and regional level. Solar geoengineering technologies cool the earth by reflecting sunlight back into space—but they pose many risks, challenges, and uncertainties. [5][6][7][8][9] Possible actions to restrict imports cannot meet with WTO regulations of non-discrimination. A blog on science, politics, and activism. Illegal logging could be defined as breaking of laws on cutting, processing and transporting timber or wood products. An estimated 73 percent of all logging in Indonesia is believed to be illegal. [56], The Australian Illegal Logging Prohibition Regulation applies to importers into Australia of "regulated timber products" such as sawn timber, wood panels, pulp, paper products, and wood furniture. A joint UK-Indonesian study of the timber industry in Indonesia in 1998 suggested that about 40% of throughput was illegal, with a value in excess of $365 million. We need to grow a resilient food system from the ground up. The Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (ENA FLEG) Ministerial Conference was held in Saint Petersburg, Russia on 22–25 November 2005. It will force businesses to check more carefully where their materials are coming from. A senate committee in the Philippines estimated that the country lost as much as US$1.8bn per year during the 1980s. [1] These acts are often referred to as "wood laundering"[2]. If a plant is found to have been harvested in violation of the laws of the country where it was harvested, that plant would be subject to seizure and forfeiture if imported into the U.S. This further augments scepticism in the Indonesian government's credibility in efficiently and responsibly managing their urban development projects and forestry conservation efforts. Record breaking logging of last rainforests, "Indonesia's Sinar Mas Accused of Illegal Land Clearing", "Rates and Causes of Deforestation in Indonesia: Towards a Resolution of the Ambiguities", "Tackling Political Corruption to Combat Illegal Logging", "Thailand's green cover in slow decline as 40% goal remains out of reach", "Timber - Species we work with at TRAFFIC", UK BANS BIG BUSINESSES FROM SELLING PRODUCTS LINKED TO ILLEGAL DEFORESTATION, "The Stolen Forests: Inside the covert war on illegal logging", "U.S. Department of Agriculture Lacey Act Guidance", "Department of Agriculture Illegal Logging", "Australia: Illegal Logging Prohibition Regulation position paper welcomed by the timber industry", UAV Drones Becoming Valuable Tools in Fighting Illegal Deforestation in Global Conservation Projects, Satellite Technology Aims to Combat Illegal Logging in Real Time, "Timber trafficking: Illegal Logging in Indonesia, South East Asia and International Consumption of Illegally Sourced Timber", Illegal Logging and Related Timber Trade - Dimensions, Drivers, Impacts and Responses, International Union of Forest Research Organizations, FAO-EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Programme, European Commission page on illegal logging, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illegal_logging&oldid=1000988444, Articles with dead external links from November 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles needing additional references from February 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. It also outlines that businesses must undertake ‘due diligence’ on certain regulated processes. Generally though, illegal logging can be considered a process consisting of the following steps: illegal activities pre-logging (getting permits), illegal … On December 28, 2019, Chinese legislators revised the country’s Forest Law to ban “purchase, process or transport” of illegal logs. China is the world’s largest importer of legal and illegal timber, and if the change is enforced it could boost efforts to fight the illegal logging trade. Illegal logging is the harvesting of timber in contravention of the laws and regulations of the country of harvest. This rudimentary agricultural technique involves the felling of forest trees before a dry season and, subsequently, the burning of these trees in the following dry season to provide fertilisers to support their crop activities. In 2008, WWF worked with a coalition of businesses and organizations to pass groundbreaking amendments to the Lacey Act that prohibit illegal timber and timber products from entering the US market. [25], Lack of regulations has led to unbridled and destructive logging that has caused environmental damage such as soil erosion, river contamination, and increased flooding. 1. 2001; Ong et al. Despite the economic importance of trade in timber and forest products, major international timber consumer countries, such as the EU, have no legal means to halt the import of illegally sourced forest products,[2] because the identification of illegally logged or traded timber is technically difficult. As Valery Roshchupkin, Head of the Federal Forestry Agency of the Russian Federation, confirmed, illegal logging would be of special importance for Russia as the G8 President and for the following G8 Summit, also held in Saint Petersburg. This test can tell", "Scientists are building a vast library of tree DNA in the fight against deforestation", "Havocscope Illegal Logging Market Value", "The Amazon's Silent Crisis: The EU Market and the EUTR", "TRAFFIC - Wildlife Trade News - Tanzania's disappearing timber revenue", indonesia trees indonesia without trees? This is evident in places such as large protected swathes of northern Nan Province that were formerly covered with virgin forest and that have been deforested even while having national park status. There are many cases in which the military carries out illegal logging without knowledge from the government. Thereafter, these farmers will move on to occupy another plot of land and continually practice their slash-and-burn technique. It is difficult for central government officials to visit areas still controlled by former Pol Pot forces. It has been called a "world's first" by Zac Goldsmith, minister of state for pacific and the environment.[49]. In Liberia, the programme helped forest communities to negotiate fair contracts with logging companies to stop illegal deforestation, and a new land rights act was signed into law … Generating up to USD 157 billion each year, it attracts organised criminal groups and fosters widespread corruption. Unfortunately, only a fifth of these forests are protected under environmental law 1. However, long-term trends in illegal logging and trade have shown that this was temporary, and illegal logging continues. We're arming the new administration with facts, evidence, and science. Tanjung Puting National Park is a 4,000 square kilometre conservation area of global importance. The US continues to keep intercontinental ballistic missiles on high alert—creating the risk of a mistaken nuclear war in response to a false warning. In 2008, the acquittal of a proprietor for a timber firm, Adelin Lis, alleged for illegal logging further galvanised public opinion and drew criticisms at the Indonesian political institution. Can we prevent them from being used again? The event was co-hosted by the World Bank and the Government of Indonesia. Available figures and estimates must be treated with caution. Help promote sustainable management of tropical forests.lo. The Declaration includes an indicative list of actions, intended to serve as a general framework for possible actions to be undertaken by governments as well as civil society. The Conference brought together nearly 150 participants from 20 countries, representing government, international organizations, NGOs, and the private sector. The EU has 2 key legal acts to fight illegal logging: the forest law enforcement, governance and trade regulation the EU timber regulation. The European Union Timber Regulation was adopted in 2010 and went into effect 3 March 2013. It can also happen when forests are cleared for plantations such as oil palm. On December 28, 2019, Chinese legislators revised the country’s Forest Law to ban “purchase, process or transport” of illegal logs. Prevention of Illegal Logging Practices). Illegal logging can also include the cutting of species that protected under law or harvesting timber or lumber in quantities that exceed what is permissible by regulations and standards. In the social landscape, small-scale subsistence farmers in rural areas, who received minimal education, employ a basic method of slash-and-burn to support their agricultural activities. The law enforcement action led to BM Group’s removal from Russia’s federal list of priority investment projects, which allow a select group of firms to sidestep public auctions for logging rights. [26] In Kachin State, which has some of the largest expanses of relatively untouched forest, illegal logging accounts for up to half of the deforestation. It agreed to the Saint Petersburg Declaration on Forest Law Enforcement and Governance in Europe and North Asia. Scientific methods to pinpoint the geographic origin of timber are currently under development. Our transportation system is outdated and broken—and it needs to change. [13], In 2020, the United Kingdom announced it will ban companies from selling items that use raw materials sourced in a way which breaches local laws to protect forests and other natural environments in the country where they are produced. Private corporations, motivated by economic profits from local and regional market demands for timber, are culpable for deforestation. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA, Infographic: Wildfires and Climate Change, Building Equitable, Clean, and Climate-Safe Infrastructure, How Soil Erosion Threatens Food and Farms. Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws. 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